|
2 |
Phlogophora
discalis 
basal
abdominal sternites |
|
3 |
Mythimna exsanguis
basal
abdominal sternites |
|
4 |
Clethrorasa micropuncta
basal abdominal sternites |
|
5 |
Episteme vetula
basal abdominal sternites |
|
6 |
Figure 5 x 4 to show Stobbe's gland (indicated by line) |
|
7 |
Mimeusemia postica basal abdominal sternites |
|
8 |
Mudaria minoroides abdomen
(paratype) |
|
9 |
Mudaria magniplaga abdomen
(holotype) |
|
10 |
Corythurus nocturnus basal abdominal sternites |
|
11 |
Mythimna nabalua basal abdominal sternites |
|
12 |
Xestia isolata
basal abdominal sternites |
|
13 |
Lignispalta incertissima basal abdominal sternites |
|
14 |
Acronicta rubiginosa basal abdominal sternites |
|
15 |
Prometopus albistigma basal abdominal sternites |
|
16 |
Chasmina sundana
basal
abdominal sternites |
|
17 |
Dipterygina dorsipallens basal abdominal sternites |
|
18 |
Mudaria luteileprosa basal abdominal sternites |
|
19 |
Elusa cyathicornis basal abdominal sternites |
|
20 |
Athetis reclusa  basal
abdominal sternites |
|
21 |
Dipterygina dorsipallens 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
22 |
Elusa ceneusalis 8th
abdominal sclerites (not separated) |
|
23 |
Mythimna exsanguis 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
24 |
Thalatha sinens 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
25 |
Mythimna nabalua 8th abdominal sclerites
|
|
26 |
Callopistria thalpophiloides
8th abdominal sclerites
|
|
27 |
Chasmina coremata 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
28 |
Checupa curvivena 8th abdominal sclerites
|
|
29 |
Chasmina sundana
8th abdominal sclerites |
|
30 |
Bagada malayica 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
31 |
Episteme conspicua 8th sternite |
|
32 |
Episteme vetula 8th sternite |
|
33 |
Corythurus nocturnus 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
34 |
Dyrzela, lateral view, unseparated |
|
35 |
Dyrzela plagiata 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
36 |
Sasunaga tenebrosa 8th abdominal sclerites (not separated) |
|
37 |
Dyrzela roseata 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
38 |
Athetis thoracica 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
39 |
Callopistria emiliusalis 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
40 |
Dyrzela tumidimacula 8th abdominal sclerites (not separated) |
|
41 |
Callopistria montana 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
42 |
Lignispalta incertissima 7th & 8th abdominal sclerites |
|
43 |
Callopistria placodoides 8th abdominal sclerites
|
|
44 |
Agrotis ipsilon
|
|
45 |
Agrotis kinabaluensis aedeagus |
|
46 |
Agrotis ipsilon aedeagus
|
|
47 |
Agrotis kinabaluensis
|
|
48 |
Ochropleura costalis
|
|
49 |
Ochropleura costalis aedeagus
|
|
50 |
Xestia
isolata aedeagus |
|
51 |
Xestia isolata (x½) |
|
52 |
Xestia isolata
|
|
53 |
Diarsia nigrosigna
|
|
54 |
Diarsia nigrosigna aedeagus vesica (x2) |
|
55 |
Diarsia flavostigma |
|
56 |
Diarsia
serrata (paratype) |
|
57 |
Diarsia serrata aedeagus (x2) |
|
58 |
Diarsia flavostigma aedeagus vesica (x2) |
|
59 |
Diarsia borneochracea aedeagus (x2) |
|
60 |
Diarsia stictica |
|
61 |
Diarsia
stictica
aedeagus vesica (x2) |
|
62 |
Diarsia borneochracea (paratype) |
|
63 |
Diarsia barlowi (paratype) |
|
64 |
Diarsia stictica (bursa
x2 at right) |
|
65 |
Diarsia
barlowi aedeagus |
|
66 |
Diarsia banksi aedeagus
vesica (x2) |
|
67 |
Helicoverpa armigera (x½;
Ivory Coast) |
|
68 |
Diarsia banksi (paratype) |
|
69 |
Helicoverpa assulta aedeagus vesica (Sri Lanka) |
|
70 |
Helicoverpa armigera aedeagus vesica |
|
71 |
Helicoverpa armigera (non-Bornean) |
|
72 |
Bornolis kamburonga aedeagus |
|
73 |
Bornolis kamburonga
|
|
74 |
Bornolis kamburonga
|
|
75 |
Dictyestra dissectus aedeagus |
|
76 |
Tiracola plagiata
valve
apex |
|
77 |
Tiracola aureata valve apex |
|
78 |
Dictyestra dissectus |
|
79 |
Apospasta
nyei aedeagus |
|
80 |
Apospasta luminosa |
|
81 |
Apospasta
nyei aedeagus |
|
82 |
Apospasta luminosa aedeagus |
|
83 |
Tiracola aureata (x½;
holotype) |
|
84 |
Tiracola plagiata base of aedeagus vesica |
|
85 |
Apospasta luminosa (x½) |
|
86 |
Tiracola plagiata (x½) |
|
87 |
Mythimna radiata |
|
88 |
Mythimna
radiata aedeagus |
|
89 |
Mythimna separata (Solomons) |
|
90 |
Mythimna separata aedeagus (x½) |
|
91 |
Mythimna albicosta aedeagus
(x½) |
|
92 |
Mythimna albicosta
|
|
93 |
Mythimna formosana aedeagus |
|
94 |
Mythimna formosana
|
|
95 |
Mythimna aroroyensis
|
|
96 |
Mythimna aroroyensis apex of aedeagus vesica |
|
97 |
Mythimna decississima aedeagus |
|
98 |
Mythimna albomarginata |
|
99 |
Mythimna
decississima |
|
100 |
Mythimna
albomarginata
aedeagus |
|
101 |
Mythimna calorai
aedeagus |
|
102 |
Mythimna calorai (holotype) |
|
103 |
Mythimna
exsanguis |
|
104 |
Mythimna exsanguis aedeagus |
|
105 |
Mythimna reversa (Sulawesi) |
|
106 |
Mythimna loreyi
|
|
107 |
Mythimna reversa aedeagus vesica |
|
108 |
Mythimna loreyi
aedeagus |
|
109 |
Mythimna irregularis
|
|
110 |
Mythimna venalba aedeagus |
|
111 |
Mythimna irregularis aedeagus vesica |
|
112 |
Mythimna roseilinea
aedeagus |
|
113 |
Mythimna roseilinea |
|
114 |
Mythimna venalba (Sulawesi) |
|
115 |
Mythimna yu aedeagus |
|
116 |
Mythimna nabalua |
|
117 |
Mythimna nabalua aedeagus |
|
118 |
Mythimna yu
(Sulawesi) |
|
119 |
Mythimna simillima
|
|
120 |
Mythimna simillima aedeagus |
|
121 |
Mythimna roseilinea
(Sulawesi) |
|
122 |
Mythimna nabalua
|
|
123 |
Elusa simplex aedeagus (x2) |
|
124 |
Elusa ceneusalis antenna |
|
125 |
Elusa ceneusalis
, aedeagus (x2) above |
|
126 |
Elusa simplex (holotype) |
|
127 |
Elusa cyathicornis (holotype) |
|
128 |
Elusa cyathicornis aedeagus (x2) |
|
129 |
Elusa ustula
, aedeagus (x2) above |
|
130 |
Elusa mediorufa (holotype) |
|
131 |
Elusa mediorufa aedeagus (x2; vesica not everted) |
|
132 |
Elusa penanorum (holotype), aedeagus (x2) below |
|
133 |
Elusa temburong
(holotype), aedeagus (x2) below |
|
134 |
Elusa puncticeps (holotype), aedeagus (x2) above |
|
135 |
Elusa diloba
|
|
136 |
Elusa diloba aedeagus (x2) |
|
137 |
Elusa ceneusalis |
|
138 |
Acronicta
pruinosa (holotype of crenulata, New Guinea) |
|
139 |
Acronicta rubiginosa
|
|
140 |
Acronicta rubiginosa aedeagus |
|
141 |
Acronicta rubiginosa
|
|
142 |
Craniophora
malesiae
|
|
143 |
Craniophora malesiae aedeagus vesica |
|
144 |
Thalatha sinens
|
|
145 |
Thalatha sinens aedeagus |
|
146 |
Craniophora malesiae
|
|
147 |
Platyprosopa
nigrostrigata
(Bali; bursa not
shown) |
|
148 |
Thalatha sinens
|
|
149 |
Thalathoides
conjecturalis
(bursa excluded) |
|
150 |
Thalathoides conjecturalis aedeagus vesica (x2) |
|
151 |
Thalathoides curtalis aedeagus vesica (x2) |
|
152 |
Platyprosopa nigrostrigata (Sulawesi) |
|
153 |
Thalathoides conjecturalis |
|
154 |
Platyprosopa nigrostrigata aedeagus |
|
155 |
Thalathoides curtalis (paratype) |
|
156 |
Apamea sodalis tropica aedeagus |
|
157 |
Actinotia australis (holotype), aedeagus below |
|
158 |
Apamea sodalis tropica (holotype; Luzon) |
|
159 |
Phlogophora nigroplumbea aedeagus above (holotype of melasema) |
|
160 |
Phlogophora styx (paratype) aedeagus above |
|
161 |
Phlogophora muluensis (holotype), aedeagus above |
|
162 |
Phlogophora kinabalua (paratype), aedeagus above |
|
163 |
Phlogophora muluensis
(paratype) |
|
164 |
Phlogophora isoscelata , aedeagus above |
|
165 |
Phlogophora lignosa (holotype) |
|
166 |
Phlogophora discalis aedeagus (different specimen) above |
|
167 |
Phlogophora contrasta ,
aedeagus below |
|
168 |
Phlogophora viridivena (paratype), aedeagus above |
|
169 |
Phlogophora triangula aedeagus (vesica not everted) |
|
170 |
Phlogophora emphanes
aedeagus |
|
171 |
Phlogophora magma
(holotype), aedeagus above (vesica not everted) |
|
172 |
Phlogophora triangula (holotype) |
|
173 |
Phlogophora emphanes
|
|
174 |
Phlogophora emphanes
ductus and bursa |
|
175 |
Xenotrachea leucopera aedeagus below |
|
176 |
Xenotrachea albidisca , aedeagus below |
|
177 |
Feliniopsis nabalua (paratype) and aedeagus (A) |
|
178 |
Euplexidia albiguttata and
aedeagus (A) |
|
179 |
Yula muscosa aedeagus |
|
180 |
Yula muscosa
|
|
181 |
Prometopus albistigma aedeagus |
|
182 |
Prometopus albistigma |
|
183 |
Prometopus asahina
|
|
184 |
Prometopus asahina
aedeagus |
|
185 |
Sesamia inferens
aedeagus |
|
186 |
Sesamia inferens
|
|
187 |
Sesamia submarginalis |
|
188 |
Sesamia
submarginalis aedeagus |
|
189 |
Sesamia submarginalis
ovipositor lobes (x2) |
|
190 |
Sesamia submarginalis
bursa |
|
191 |
Sesamia inferens
|
|
192 |
Checupa curvivena aedeagus |
|
193 |
Checupa curvivena
|
|
194 |
Checupa curvivena
|
|
195 |
Ancara obliterans |
|
196 |
Corythurus
nocturnus aedeagus (x2) |
|
197 |
Corythurus nocturnus |
|
198 |
Ancara replicans
aedeagus (x2) |
|
199 |
Ancara obliterans aedeagus (x2) |
|
200 |
Ancara obliterans
|
|
201 |
Ancara replicans |
|
202 |
Spodoptera
litura
aedeagus |
|
203 |
Spodoptera apertura (Sri Lanka) |
|
204 |
Spodoptera cilium aedeagus |
|
205 |
Spodoptera picta
|
|
206 |
Spodoptera cilium |
|
207 |
Spodoptera pecten aedeagus below |
|
208 |
Spodoptera mauritia aedeagus |
|
209 |
Spodoptera pecten
(xV2) |
|
210 |
Spodoptera mauritia
|
|
211 |
Spodoptera pectinicornis aedeagus |
|
212 |
Spodoptera pectinicornis (New Guinea) |
|
213 |
Spodoptera litura (Tahiti) |
|
214 |
Athetis bimacula (Sumatra) |
|
215 |
Athetis nonagrica (Perak) |
|
216 |
Athetis bimacula aedeagus |
|
217 |
Athetis reclusa
(Sulawesi) |
|
218 |
Athetis reclusa aedeagus |
|
219 |
Athetis thoracica (Queensland) |
|
220 |
Athetis reclusa (Sulawesi) |
|
221 |
Spodoptera exempta (Hawaii) |
|
222 |
Athetis thoracica
(New Guinea) |
|
223 |
Athetis nonagrica
(New Guinea) |
|
224 |
Paradiopa albidisca (holotype) |
|
225 |
Paradiopa parthenia
|
|
226 |
Sasunaga tenebrosa
|
|
227 |
Paradiopa parthenia aedeagus |
|
228 |
Sasunaga tenebrosa aedeagus |
|
229 |
Sasunaga interrupta |
|
230 |
Sasunaga
leucorina |
|
231 |
Sasunaga
longiplaga
|
|
232 |
Sasunaga longiplaga |
|
233 |
Athetis
bipuncta aedeagus |
|
234 |
Athetis bipuncta
(Sulawesi) |
|
235 |
Stenopterygia calida
aedeagus
below |
|
236 |
Stenopterygia khasiana , aedeagus below
(Khasis) |
|
237 |
Dipterygina dorsipallens |
|
238 |
Dipterygina
major aedeagus |
|
239 |
Dipterygina vagivitta
aedeagus |
|
240 |
Dipterygina vagivitta |
|
241 |
Dipterygina vagivitta |
|
242 |
Dipterygina
major (paratype) |
|
243 |
Dipterygina
dorsipallens
aedeagus |
|
244 |
Yepcalphis dilectissima |
|
245 |
Yepcalphis
dilectissima |
|
246 |
Yepcalphis dilectissima aedeagus |
|
247 |
Clethrorasa micropuncta (holotype), aedeagus below |
|
248 |
Clethrorasa pilcheri
(Peninsular Malaysia) |
|
249 |
Clethrorasa pilcheri
aedeagus |
|
250 |
Apsarasa radians
aedeagus |
|
251 |
Apsarasa radians (x½;
Palawan) |
|
252 |
Callopistria albistriga
aedeagus |
|
253 |
Callopistria albistriga
|
|
254 |
Callopistria concinna
(holotype) |
|
255 |
Apsarasa radians
|
|
256 |
Callopistria apicalis
(paratype) |
|
257 |
Callopistria apicalis 7th and 8th tergites |
|
258 |
Callopistria apicalis 7th and 8th sternites |
|
259 |
Callopistria apicalis (holotype) |
|
260 |
Callopistria alfredi (holotype) |
|
261 |
Callopistria quadrinotata
|
|
262 |
Callopistria quadrinotata aedeagus |
|
263 |
Callopistria apicalis aedeagus |
|
264 |
Callopistria alfredi aedeagus
|
|
265 |
Callopistria albipunctalis
(holotype), aedeagus above
|
|
266 |
Callopistria ventralis , aedeagus above |
|
267 |
Callopistria emiliusalis , aedeagus below |
|
268 |
Callopistria obliterata
aedeagus
|
|
269 |
Callopistria manta
|
|
270 |
Callopistria obliterata |
|
271 |
Callopistria manta
aedeagus |
|
272 |
Callopistria callopistrioides |
|
273 |
Callopistria thalpophiloides |
|
274 |
Callopistria callopistrioides
aedeagus |
|
275 |
Callopistria thalpophiloides
aedeagus |
|
276 |
Callopistria variegata
aedeagus |
|
277 |
Callopistria guttulalis
aedeagus |
|
278 |
Callopistria guttulalis
(Taiwan) |
|
279 |
Callopistria repleta
aedeagus |
|
280 |
Callopistria variegata |
|
281 |
Callopistria repleta
|
|
282 |
Callopistria maillardi |
|
283 |
Callopistria ludovici
|
|
284 |
Callopistria sp.
of maillardi group antenna (x4) |
|
285 |
Callopistria wallacei
aedeagus |
|
286 |
Callopistria scriptiplena
|
|
287 |
Callopistria maillardi
aedeagus |
|
288 |
Callopistria scriptiplena
aedeagus |
|
289 |
Callopistria wallacei |
|
290 |
Callopistria placodoides
|
|
291 |
Callopistria trilineata |
|
292 |
Callopistria rivularis |
|
293 |
Callopistria placodoides
aedeagus (x2) |
|
294 |
Callopistria rivularis
aedeagus (x2) |
|
295 |
Callopistria exotica , aedeagus below |
|
296 |
Callopistria montana , aedeagus below |
|
297 |
Callopistria pulchrilinea , aedeagus below |
|
298 |
Iambia lyricalis
(holotype), aedeagus (x2) below |
|
299 |
Iambia tessellata , aedeagus (x2) below |
|
300 |
Borbotana nivifascia
|
|
301 |
Iambia tessellata
|
|
302 |
Iambia lyricalis
|
|
303 |
Borbotana nivifascia
bursa |
|
304 |
Aeologramma picatum
(x2) |
|
305 |
Aeologramma albiscripta
aedeagus (x2) |
|
306 |
Aeologramma albiscripta
(x2) |
|
307 |
Aeologramma albiscripta
(x2) |
|
308 |
Eulepa chlorocroa
|
|
309 |
Eulepa fusimacula (paratype) |
|
310 |
Aeologramma decolorata
(x2; holotype) |
|
311 |
Eulepa chlorocroa
(Khasis) |
|
312 |
Eulepa niveigutta
|
|
313 |
Eulepa niveigutta aedeagus
(x2) |
|
314 |
Eulepa fusimacula (holotype) |
|
315 |
Eulepa altigutta (holotype) |
|
316 |
Eulepa gilvithorax
(from
Holloway (1976))
|
|
317
|
Eulepa fusimacula
aedeagus (x2)
|
|
318
|
Condica albigutta
aedeagus
|
|
319
|
Condica dolorosa
aedeagus
|
|
320
|
Condica aroana
aedeagus
|
|
321
|
Condica dolorosa
(New Caledonia)
|
|
322
|
Condica aroana
|
|
323
|
Condica albigutta
(holotype of
ochrisquamata, Khasis) |
|
324 |
Condica illecta
|
|
325 |
Condica illecta aedeagus (vesica not everted) |
|
326 |
Dyrzela castanea |
|
327 |
Dyrzela
incrassata |
|
328 |
Dyrzela
tumidimacula (Peninsular Malaysia) |
|
329 |
Dyrzela roseata
aedeagus |
|
330 |
Dyrzela violacea
aedeagus |
|
330 |
Dyrzela violacea
(holotype) |
|
331 |
Dyrzela increnulata |
|
332 |
Dyrzela
boscoides
(holotype) |
|
333 |
Dyrzela roseata (holotype) |
|
334 |
Lignispalta viridaria (holotype) aedeagus (Peninsular Malaysia) |
|
335 |
Lignispalta incertissima |
|
336 |
Dyrzela
plagiata |
|
337 |
Lignispalta
viridaria |
|
338 |
Lignispalta
incertissima aedeagus |
|
339 |
Dyrzela incrassata |
|
340 |
Lignispalta
diversisigna |
|
341 |
Mudaria tayi (holotype) |
|
342 |
Mudaria major |
|
343 |
Lignispalta
diversisigna aedeagus (vesica not everted) |
|
344 |
Mudaria minoroides aedeagus |
|
345 |
Mudaria magniplaga aedeagus |
|
346 |
Mudaria magniplaga (holotype) |
|
347 |
Mudaria luteileprosa
(holotype) |
|
348 |
Mudaria minoroides (paratype) |
|
349 |
Euplexia monilis , aedeagus below
(Khasis) |
|
350 |
Mudaria luteileprosa aedeagus |
|
351 |
Bagada labi (paratype) |
|
352 |
Bagada api (paratype) |
|
353 |
Lignispalta incertissima
|
|
354 |
Mudaria major
|
|
355 |
Mudaria tayi
(Sumatra) |
|
356 |
Mudaria magniplaga
|
|
357 |
Chasmina sundana (holotype) |
|
358 |
Chasmina candida (Fiji) |
|
359 |
Chasmina coremata (holotype) |
|
360 |
Chasmina candida
(Cocos Keeling Is.) |
|
361 |
Chasmina candida aedeagus (x2) |
|
362 |
Chasmina coremata aedeagus (x2) |
|
363 |
Chasmina candida aedeagus vesica (x2) |
|
364 |
Bagada malayica (Java) |
|
365 |
Bagada labi (Java) |
|
366 |
Bagada malayica
aedeagus |
|
367 |
Bagada labi
(Java) |
|
368 |
Bagada lignigera aedeagus |
|
369 |
Bagada api (holotype) |
|
370 |
Bagada poliomera (Khasis) |
|
371 |
Bagada api aedeagus |
|
372 |
Bagada poliomera aedeagus |
|
373 |
Bagada lignigera
|
|
374 |
Xylostola indistincta
|
|
375 |
Xylostola indistincta (Java) |
|
376 |
Xylostola indistincta aedeagus |
|
377 |
Sphetta bornea aedeagus |
|
378 |
Sphetta bornea (holotype) |
|
379 |
Sarbanissa sundana aedeagus |
|
380 |
Sarbanissa catacoloides |
|
381 |
Sarbanissa
sundana |
|
382 |
Sarbanissa transiens
|
|
383 |
Sarbanissa transiens aedeagus |
|
384 |
Mimeusemia postica |
|
385 |
Crinocula
kinabaluensis |
|
386 |
Epistema vetula (x½) |
|
387 |
Sarbanissa catacoloides (Java) |
|
388 |
Crinocula kinabaluensis (x2)
|
|
389 |
Mimeusemia postica aedeagus (x2)
|
|
390
|
Mimeusemia postica
|
|
391 |
Mimeusemia perakana aedeagus (x2) |
|
392 |
Ophthalmis
milete aedeagus (x2) |
|
393 |
Ophthalmis milete |
|
394 |
Mimeusemia perakana |
|
395 |
Ophthalmis lincea (Manovolka) |
|
396 |
Longicella
mollis aedeagus (x2) |
|
397 |
Longicella mollis (India) |
|
398 |
Mimeusemia vittata aedeagus (x2) |
|
399 |
Mimeusemia vittata (Peninsular
Malaysia) |
|
400 |
Episteme conspicua aedeagus (x2)
|
|
401
|
Scrobigera hesperioides
|
|
402 |
Episteme
conspicua
|
|
403 |
Episteme
vetula aedeagus
(x2) |
|
404 |
Episteme vetula |
