| 1. |
Examples
of the male forewing fovea in Ennominae: |
|
A. Alcis periphracta, Boarmiini; |
|
B. Godonela translineata, Macariini; |
|
C. Calletaera subexpressa, Eutoeini;
|
|
D.
Peratophyga sp. (Sulawesi), Cassymini; |
|
E. Corymica arnearia, Hypochrosini; |
|
F. Borbacha altipardaria, ? Baptini. |
| 2. |
Examples
of the female signum in Ennominae, listed left to right:
Row 1. Sundagrapha
lepidata, Ectropis longiscapia, Xerodes lignicolor, Pseudalcis
cinerascens;
Row 2. Krananda semihyalina, Orthocabera
similaria, Pogonopygia nigralbata, Godonela nora;
Row 3. Tasta
disciscura, Milionia dulitana, Abraxas invasata, Pareumelea
eugeniata; Row 4. Lassaba vinacea, Serratophyga sterrhoticha,
Auzeodes chalybeata, Diplurodes sugillata.
See also Figs. 12, 19, 37, 73, 76, 77, 82, 88 (showing
'mushroom' structure), 93 (general scobination), 114, 116, 129, 147,
158, 170-176, 196, 220, 229, 269, 271, 284-295, 307, 357, 359-362,
368, 389, 393, 495, 509, 520, 540, 552 for other examples, including
of general scobination rather than a single signum.
|
| 3. |
Hypochrosis
waterstradti  |
| 4. |
Hypochrosis
albodecorata |
| 5. |
Hypochrosis
sternaria
with aedeagus |
| 6. |
Hypochrosis
subrufa |
| 7. |
Hypochrosis
pyrrhophaeata |
| 8. |
Hypochrosis
hyadaria |
| 9. |
Hypochrosis
cryptopyrrhata |
| 10. |
Hypochrosis
binexata |
| 11. |
Celenna
festivaria , aedeagus below |
| 12. |
Celenna
festivaria  , bursa |
| 13. |
Celenna
callopistes |
| 14. |
Celenna
centraria ,
aedeagus above |
| 15. |
Celenna
muscicolor ,
aedeagus left |
| 16. |
Genusa
simplex |
| 17. |
Genusa
dohertyi (paratype) |
| 18. |
Genusa
dohertyi ,
tympanal organs |
| 19. |
Genusa
simplex ,
bursa |
| 20. |
Lomographa
sectinota ,
8th segment (Sumatra) |
| 21. |
Lomographa
sectinota ,
aedeagus left (Sumatra) |
| 22. |
Achrosis
pyrrhularia |
| 23. |
Achrosis
longifurca
(paratype) |
| 24. |
Achrosis
fulvifusa |
| 25. |
Achrosis
lilacina ,
aedeagus left |
| 26. |
Achrosis
spurca |
| 27. |
Achrosis
kerangatis
(paratype) |
| 28. |
Achrosis
calcicola
(holotype) |
| 29. |
Achrosis
lithosiaria |
| 30. |
Achrosis
rigorata |
| 31. |
Achrosis
classeyi (holotype) |
| 32. |
Achrosis
alienata |
| 33. |
Achrosis
multidentata |
| 34. |
Achrosis
viridapex |
| 35. |
Achrosis
transviridis
(holotype) |
| 36. |
Heterolocha
pyreniata |
| 37. |
Heterolocha
polymorphoides
(paratype) |
| 38. |
Pseudeuchromia
maculifera
(Luzon) |
| 39. |
Heterolocha
polymorphoides
(holotype) |
| 40. |
Loxotephria
bornea (holotype) |
| 41. |
Pseudeuchromia
maculifera
ductus and bursa |
| 42. |
Loxotephria
bornea (paratype) |
| 43. |
Garaeus
u-lucens (holotype) |
| 44. |
Garaeus
altapicata
(paratype) |
| 45. |
Garaeus
apicata |
| 46. |
Mesaster
albidiscata ,
aedeagus left |
| 47. |
Garaeus
conspicienda ,
aedeagus below (holotype, Peninsular Malaysia) |
| 48. |
Loxomiza
herberti
bursa (paratype) |
| 49. |
Loxomiza
herberti
(holotype) |
| 50. |
Fascellina
punctata |
| 51. |
Fascellina
inconspicua |
| 52. |
Fascellina
viridicosta
(holotype) |
| 53. |
Fascellina
clausaria |
| 54. |
Fascellina
clausaria |
| 55. |
Fascellina
meligerys |
| 56. |
Fascellina
altiplagiata ,
(holotype) |
| 57. |
Fascellina
plagiata |
| 58. |
Fascellina
pulchracoda ,
(paratype) |
| 59. |
Omiza
miliaria ,
aedeagus below |
| 60. |
Omiza
lycoraria ,
aedeagus below |
| 61. |
Fascellina
albicordis |
| 62. |
Fascellina
aurifera |
| 63. |
Omiza
herois , aedeagus below |
| 64. |
Fascellina
castanea |
| 65. |
Fascellina
quadrata
(holotype) |
| 66. |
Corymica
pryeri
(New Guinea) |
| 67. |
Corymica
arnearia ,
aedeagus below |
| 68. |
Corymica
vesicularia |
| 69. |
Corymica
pardalota |
| 70. |
Pseudomiza
viridispurca |
| 71. |
Corymica
deducta |
| 72. |
Corymica
latimarginata |
| 73. |
Scardamia
iographa ,
with signum,
enlarged, to right |
| 74. |
Aplochlora
vivilaca
, aedeagus left |
| 75. |
Aplochlora
vivilaca
8th segment |
| 76. |
Aplochlora
vivilaca |
| 77. |
Achrosis
recitata
(paratype) |
| 78. |
Achrosis
recitata |
| 79. |
Ourapteryx
podaliriata |
| 80. |
Ourapteryx
claretta (holotype,
Peninsular Malaysia) |
| 81. |
Ourapteryx
picticaudata |
| 82. |
Ourapteryx
picticaudata
signum (Peninsular Malaysia) |
| 83. |
Lomographa
araeophragma |
| 84. |
Lomographa
juta
(holotype) |
| 85. |
Lomographa
araeophragma
bursa |
| 86. |
Lomographa
araeophragma
8th segment |
| 87. |
Tasta
reflexoides
8th segment |
| 88. |
Lomographa
juta
bursa and signum |
| 89. |
Tasta
elliptica ,
aedeagus (paratype) |
| 90. |
Tasta
montana ,
aedeagus (holotype) |
| 91. |
Tasta
micaceata ,
aedeagus |
| 92. |
Lomographa
luciferata ,
aedeagus above |
| 93. |
Lomographa
luciferata |
| 94. |
Curbia
martiata
(Nias) |
| 95. |
Curbia
martiata |
| 96. |
Rhynchobapta
eburnivena ,
aedeagus vesica left (Khasis) |
| 97. |
Tasta
acornutata
(holotype) |
| 98. |
Tasta
disciscura |
| 99. |
Tasta
disciscura |
| 100. |
Tasta
reflexoides
(paratype) |
| 101. |
Tasta
chalybeatoides
(holotype) |
| 102. |
Tasta
elliptica
(paratype) |
| 103. |
Tasta
micaceata |
| 104. |
Tasta
montana
(holotype) |
| 105. |
Eurychoria
trajecta , aedeagus below |
| 106. |
Synegia
ocellata |
| 107. |
Platycerota
balia |
| 108. |
Hypulia
eleuthera |
| 109. |
Hypulia
convoluta , aedeagus above (holotype) |
| 110. |
Hypulia continua
|
| 111. |
Hypulia
strictiva (holotype) |
| 112. |
Hypulia
convoluta
(paratype) |
| 113. |
Hypulia
eleuthera
bursa |
| 114. |
Hypulia continua
bursa |
| 115. |
Eurytaphria
chlorochroa |
| 116. |
Hypulia
strictiva
bursa |
| 117. |
Eurytaphria
melinau (holotype) |
| 118. |
Eurytaphria
chlorochroa |
| 119. |
Yashmakia
veneris
bursa |
| 120. |
Yashmakia
bigrisea (holotype) |
| 121. |
Yashmakia
veneris |
| 122. |
Yashmakia
orsinephes
|
| 123. |
Yashmakia
loxozyga
(holotype) |
| 124. |
Parasynegia
fortilineata (paratype) |
| 125. |
Parasynegia
sundastriaria
(paratype) |
| 126. |
Parasynegia
sundastriaria (holotype) |
| 127. |
Parasynegia
lineata |
| 128. |
Nothomiza
xanthocolona ,
aedeagus below |
| 129. |
Nothomiza
xanthocolona |
| 130. |
Synegia
eumeleata |
| 131. |
Synegia
punctinervis
(paratype) |
| 132. |
Synegia
asymbates , aedeagus below |
| 133. |
Synegia potenza
, aedeagus below (paratype) |
| 134. |
Synegia
decolorata , aedeagus below |
| 135. |
Synegia
camptogrammaria |
| 136. |
Synegia obscura
|
| 137. |
Synegia imitaria
|
| 138. |
Synegia
thamiosticta |
| 139. |
Synegia
dentifascia , aedeagus left (holotype) |
| 140. |
Synegia
transgrisea , aedeagus below |
| 141. |
Synegia
botydaria |
| 142. |
Synegia potenza
|
| 143. |
Synegia obscura
|
| 144. |
Synegia imitaria
|
| 145. |
Synegia
ocellata
bursa |
| 146. |
Synegia
transgrisea
bursa |
| 147. |
Synegia
decolorata
bursa |
| 148. |
Synegia
punctinervis
(paratype) |
| 149. |
Bulonga
schistacearia
bursa |
| 150. |
Bulonga
schistacearia , aedeagus vesica left |
| 151. |
Bulonga
trilineata , aedeagus left |
| 152. |
Platycerota
balia |
| 153. |
Platycerota
percrinita |
| 154. |
Platycerota
vitticostoides (holotype) |
| 155. |
Hyperythra
lutea |
| 156. |
Borbacha
monopardaria ,
aedeagus right (holotype) |
| 157. |
Borbacha
altipardaria ,
aedeagus left (paratype) |
| 158. |
Bulonga
trilineata |
| 159. |
Borbacha
bipardaria ,
aedeagus right (holotype) |
| 160. |
Borbacha
punctipardaria ,
aedeagus left, upper (holotype) |
| 161. |
Borbacha
pardaria ,
aedeagus below right |
| 162. |
Plutodes
evaginata ,
aedeagus below (paratype) |
| 163. |
Plutodes
malaysiana ,
aedeagus below |
| 164. |
Plutodes
flavescens |
| 165. |
Plutodes
argentilauta ,
aedeagus below |
| 166. |
Plutodes
cyclaria ,
aedeagus below |
| 167. |
Plutodes
flavescens ,
aedeagus below (Sumatra) |
| 168. |
Plutodes
unidentata ,
aedeagus right (holotype) |
| 169. |
Microplutodes
hilaropa |
| 170. |
Microplutodes
hilaropa
bursa |
| 171. |
Plutodes
evaginata
bursa (paratype) |
| 172. |
Plutodes
unidentata
bursa (paratype) |
| 173. |
Plutodes
argentilauta
bursa |
| 174. |
Plutodes
malaysiana
bursa |
| 175. |
Plutodes
13824
bursa |
| 176. |
Plutodes
cyclaria
bursa |
| 177. |
Nadagara
synocha |
| 178. |
Nadagara
intractata
(Sumatra) |
| 179. |
Nadagara
scitilineata |
| 180. |
Nadagara
inordinata ,
aedeagus above |
| 181. |
Nadagara
reprensata ,
aedeagus above (Java) |
| 182. |
Nadagara
comprensata ,
aedeagus below |
| 183. |
Sundascelia
epelys |
| 184. |
Sundascelia
epelys |
| 185. |
Entomopteryx
?amputata
(Sumatra) |
| 186. |
Entomopteryx
amputata |
| 187. |
Entomopteryx
statheuta
(holotype) |
| 188. |
Petelia
medardaria ,
aedeagus below |
| 189. |
Petelia
tuhana ,
aedeagus below |
| 190. |
Petelia
distracta ,
aedeagus below |
| 191. |
Petelia
distracta |
| 192. |
Petelia
medardaria |
| 193. |
Astygisa
stueningi
(paratype) |
| 194. |
Petelia
delostigma |
| 195. |
Astygisa
vexillaria |
| 196. |
Hyperythra
lutea (Assam) |
| 197. |
Petelia
paroobathra |
| 198. |
Astygisa
metaspila ,
aedeagus below |
| 199. |
Astygisa
vexillaria , aedeagus below |
| 200. |
Astygisa
stueningi (holotype) |
| 201. |
Astygisa
waterstradti (holotype) |
| 202. |
Astygisa
circularia , aedeagus above |
| 203. |
Thinopteryx
crocopterata , aedeagus above |
| 204. |
Pareumelea
eugeniata |
| 205. |
Pareumelea
hortensiata , aedeagus below |
| 206. |
Thinopteryx
nebulosa |
| 207. |
Stalagmia
guttaria
, aedeagus above |
| 208. |
Xeropteryx
columbicola , aedeagus right |
| 209. |
Stalagmia
guttaria |
| 210. |
Thinopteryx
crocopterata
bursa (NW. India) |
| 211. |
Pareumelea
eugeniata
bursa |
| 212. |
Abraxas
invasata ,
tympanal organs |
| 213. |
Abraxas
subhyalinata (Flores) |
| 214. |
Abraxas
intervacuata |
| 215. |
Abraxas
invasata |
| 216. |
Abraxas
intervacuata |
| 217. |
Abraxas
invasata
|
| 218. |
Ourapteryx
incaudata , aedeagus below |
| 219. |
Gonodontis
clelia |
| 220. |
Xylinophylla
hypocausta |
| 221. |
Xylinophylla
hypocausta , aedeagus below |
| 222. |
Gonodontis
pallida aedeagus above |
| 223. |
Gonodontis
clelia |
| 224. |
Cassyma
quadrinata |
| 225. |
Cassyma
sciticincta
|
| 226. |
Cassyma
quadrinata |
| 227. |
Cassyma
electrodes |
| 228. |
Cassyma
undifasciata
|
| 229. |
Cassyma
sciticincta |
| 230. |
Cassyma
erythrodon |
| 231. |
Cassyma
chrotadelpha |
| 232. |
Syngonorthus
subpunctatus
3rd sternite |
| 233. |
Syngonorthus
subpunctatus |
| 234. |
Syngonorthus
subpunctatus |
| 235. |
Auzeodes
chalybeata |
| 236. |
Danala
laxtaria |
| 237. |
Danala
laxtaria
bursa |
| 238. |
Peratostega
coctata |
| 239. |
Peratostega
punctapex
(paratype) |
| 240. |
Auzeodes
chalybeata |
| 241. |
Peratostega
coctata |
| 242. |
Peratostega
punctapex
bursa (paratype) |
| 243. |
Cassephyra
lamprosticta , aedeagus above (holotype of accreta Prout, Sumatra) |
| 244. |
Cassephyra
lamprosticta ,
basal part of bursa (Sumatra) |
| 245. |
Heterostegane
contessellata |
| 246. |
Heterostegane
subtessellata |
| 247. |
Heterostegane
contessellata |
| 248. |
Heterostegane
subfasciata |
| 249. |
Heterostegane
tritocampsis classeyi
(holotype) |
| 250. |
Heterostegane
urbica guichardi
(holotype) |
| 251. |
Heterostegane
subfasciata
4th sternite |
| 252. |
Serratophyga
sterrhoticha |
| 253. |
Heterostegane
warreni |
| 254. |
Heterostegane
insulata (paratype
of retesellata West, Luzon) |
| 255. |
Heterostegane
warreni |
| 256. |
Heterostegane
insulata |
| 257. |
Serratophyga
sterrhoticha |
| 258. |
Peratophyga
xanthyala |
| 259. |
Peratophyga
trigonata ,
aedeagus left (holotype) |
| 260. |
Peratophyga
venetia |
| 261. |
Peratophyga
alluvialis ,
aedeagus left (holotype) |
| 262. |
Peratophyga
trigonata |
| 263. |
Peratophyga
beta , aedeagus
left (holotype) |
| 264. |
Peratophyga
venetia , aedeagus
right |
| 265. |
Peratophyga
flavomaculata ,
aedeagus left |
| 266. |
Peratophyga
hypsicyma |
| 267. |
Peratophyga
spilodesma ,
aedeagus below |
| 268. |
Peratophyga
hypsidesma ,
aedeagus below (holotype) |
| 269. |
Peratophyga
hypsidesma |
| 270. |
Peratophyga
spilodesma |
| 271. |
Peratophyga
hypsidesma
(paratype) |
| 272. |
Peratophyga
sobrina |
| 273. |
Peratophyga
sobrina |
| 274. |
Zamarada
baliata |
| 275. |
Zamarada
scriptifasciata , aedeagus
right |
| 276. |
Zamarada
eogenaria
(Sumatra) |
| 277. |
Zamarada
ucatoides ,
aedeagus below (paratype) |
| 278. |
Zamarada
denticulata ,
aedeagus below |
| 279. |
Zamarada
nesiotica ,
aedeagus
below |
| 280. |
Orthocabera
similaria ,
aedeagus above right |
| 281. |
Sundagrapha
lepidata ,
aedeagus below |
| 282. |
Sundagrapha
tenebrosa
(Singapore) |
| 283. |
Orthocabera
ocernaria ,
aedeagus below |
| 284. |
Zamarada
ucatiodes |
