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Carea parangulata Kobes
Carea parangulata Kobes, 1997: 92.
Carea
parangulata 
Diagnosis and taxonomic note. Members of this complex are redder than
varipes, some purplish red, but are particularly distinguished by a strongly
bifalcate distal margin to the forewing. Typical
angulata
Fabricius is restricted to the Indian Subregion and S. China, though the
genitalia and facies of subangulata
Kobes (1997; Sumatra, Java, Bali) are very similar to those of angulata,
and this taxon may therefore be merely a Sundanian race of that species. There
are larger, more purplish red species in Sundaland (though some angulata
specimens are also more purplish red) for which material is limited. Kobes
(1997) recognised two of this complex in Sumatra, though he attributed one to
angulata; the other is
parangulata
Kobes, represented by only the holotype. These both have much longer, more
slender, curved cornuti near the base of the vesica in the same position to
those of angulata, but differ slightly in facies and the number of such
cornuti. A Sumatran specimen in BMNH (slide 17240) appears somewhat
intermediate, and there is variability in the two Bornean males dissected, so it
is probable that there is just one variable species involved. In Peninsular
Malaysia there is an externally similar species with distinctive genitalia in
both sexes. The males (slides 17243, 17264) have a stepped saccular margin to
the valve, an aedeagus vesica with a basal, rasp-like sclerotisation and a much
more distal group of straight cornuti. The females (slides 17254, 17266) have a
narrower basal section of the ductus that broadens into a thickened and
scobinate zone extending into the junction of the much larger bursa with the
appendix bursae.
Geographical range. Sumatra, Borneo, ?Palawan (in ZMUC, not dissected).
Habitat preference. Two females are from lowland localities: Ulu Belait in
Brunei; Bidi in Sarawak. One male is from lowland dipterocarp forest in Barito
Ulu, Kalimantan and two others are from 1465m on Bukit Retak in Brunei and (in
USNM) from 1560m on G. Kinabalu.
Biology. Bell (MS) reared angulata in India (see also Gardner (1941)
and Mathur (1942)). The larva has the thoracic segments swollen, berry-like,
shining green like a fruit of its host-plant. The body tapers from A1 to A8; A8
bears a dorsal conical tubercle. Primary setae only are present. The surface is
smooth, dullish except for the thorax and the tubercle of A8 which are shiny. On
the ochre-yellow abdominal segments there are dorsolateral, lateral and
subspiracular longitudinal white lines. Dorsally there is a thin, pulsating
greenish band bordered by single rows of brownish dots. White extends between
the dorsolateral and lateral lines on A1, A2 and part of A3, but posterior to
that the intervening area is dull to bright orange. Fuscous maroon suffusion
occurs below the lateral on A4 to A8; on A2 and A3 this area is bright orange. A
green variant is also described.
The pupa is enclosed in a light cream-coloured cocoon spun between two flat
leaves on oval foundations of silk to form a thick disc. It may also be formed
in a bark crevice (Mathur).
The host-plant was Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Mathur (1942) noted this
host also, with Eucalyptus in the same family, Ficus (Moraceae)
and Memecylon (Melastomataceae). Kuroko & Lewvanich (1993) noted a member
of the complex as feeding on Eugenia in Thailand, and there is also a
record (IIE, unpublished) from Cleistocalyx (Myrtaceae) in Hong Kong.
Robinson et al. (2001) added Bombax (Bombacaceae) and Syzygium
(Myrtaceae).
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